Windows Logo Key Uses

Window Logo Key + L is used to Lock your keyboard. Leaving your office for a meeting? Gotta grab some lunch? Gonna be right back? A quick Window Logo Key + L will lock your keyboard and keep your stuff safe!

So what else can the Windows Logo Key be used for? Here is the list…

Windows Logo Key (by itself)
Pulls up the START menu.

Windows Logo Key +R
Manually type the name of a program to run in the “Run dialog box”.

Windows Logo Key +M
Minimize all applications (quite handy!).

SHIFT+Windows Logo Key +M
Undo minimize all applications (not sure why you would need to do this).

Windows Logo Key +L
Locks your computer desktop (quite handy!).

Windows Logo Key +F1
Windows Help.

Windows Logo Key +E
Starts Windows Explorer (quite handy!)

Windows Logo Key +F
Starts “Find files or folders”. If you have Windows Desktop Search installed, it will open the Windows Search Box.

Windows Logo Key +D
Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop. Same as Windows Logo Key+M.

CTRL+Windows Logo Key +F
Opens the Find computer window. If you have Windows Desktop Search installed, it will open the Windows Search Box.

Windows Logo Key+TAB
Cycles through the open applications on the taskbar (the bar at the bottom of your desktop). When you highlight the application you want, hit the enter key to display that application.

Windows Logo Key+Break
Shows the System Properties Window.

Simple Underwriting for Commercial Loans

Multi Family

Total potential income for all units, including rent, laundry, pet fees etc.
Number of units
Deduct 5% or actual vacancy or actual vacancy
EGI or Effective Gross Income
Deduct 5% or market cost from EGI for management fees
Deduct total of all expenses. Property taxes, insurance, maintenance, labor, legal/accounting etc.
Deduct $270 per unit per year for reserves
Result is NOI or net operating income
Enter the DSCR required Debt Service Coverage Ratio.
Divide the NOI by the DSCR for the maximum amount available to pay the mortgage.

Commercial

Total potential income for all commercial space, including common area reimbursements, percentage rents, property tax reimbursement etc.
Total gross interior square feet
Deduct 5% or actual vacancy or actual vacancy
EGI or Effective Gross Income
Deduct 5% or market cost from EGI for management fees
Deduct total of all expenses. Property taxes, insurance, maintenance, labor, legal/accounting etc.
Deduct $0.20 per square foot for reserves
Deduct $0.90 per square foot for Tenant Improvements and Leasing costs
Result is NOI or net operating income
Enter the DSCR required Debt Service Coverage Ratio.
Divide the NOI by the DSCR for the maximum amount available to pay the mortgage.

Commercial vs. Residential Mortgages

There is one fundamental difference between commercial and residential mortgages.

With commercial mortgages it is primarily the building and the cash flow it produces that qualifies the mortgage for funding not the borrower.

Commercial lenders originating long term commercial mortgages, as against short term hard money mortgages, are very concerned about the following:

	What is the net operating income of the property (NOI)?
	What is the debt service coverage? (DSC.)
	What is the occupancy rate of the property?
	How long are the leases?
	Who are the tenants?

Lets look at each of these in turn.

Net Operating Income (NOI)

This is the income produced by the property excluding interest payments, capital repayments and depreciation.

Debt Service Coverage (DSC)

What is the ratio by which the NOI exceeds the Principal and Interest payment.
If the NOI is $130,000 per year and the P and I is $100,000 per year, the DSC is 1.3 (130,000/100,000).

Lenders look for a DSC usually around 1.25 but it could range from 1.00 to 1.40. The lower number can occur when there is a triple-net leased property to a very financially strong tenant, like a Walgreens, where 100% of the income goes to service the loan.

Occupancy rate

Even if the property is 100% occupied, lenders will allow a notional vacancy factor of 5% or more. Some lenders refuse to lend on properties below a certain occupancy factor, like 70% for instance.

Lease terms

The longer the leases, other things being equal, the more financiable is the property.

The tenants

It doesn't take a genius to figure out why Microsoft or Bank of America is a stronger and more "bankable" tenant than Joe's Pizza Place.

How are buildings classified?

Office buildings can be classified by a combination of factors, the foremost being size, amenities and surroundings.

Class “A” Office Buildings

An ideal size for Class “A” office buildings is approximately 150,000 square feet, but they can be as small as 120,000 square feet. This square footage can be within one building or a group of buildings under joint ownership. Class “A” buildings should have the capacity to provide a reliable business environment. This means that they should be large enough to afford a full-time property manager, a full-time maintenance person, and a full-time cleaning person or building steward.
In Atlanta, Class “A” buildings always have covered parking.
Construction is also a major defining point in the classification of buildings. A tenant typically wants a “state of the art” building.In defining a Class “A” building, we must also look at the surroundings of that building. It must be located in a clean and protected environment; if the surrounding neighborhood is undesirable, the building can not be rated Class “A”. Amenities also play a large role in defining a building; parking is a critical element. Inadequate parking can kill a building. Quality and quantity of convenient amenities (banks, hotels, sandwich shops, restaurants and health clubs) serve to differentiate the higher Class “A” buildings from the lower Class “A” buildings.

Class “B” Office Buildings

Class “B” office buildings are very similar to Class “A” buildings. Usually, the only characteristic that differentiates a Class “B” building from a Class “A” building is the absence of covered parking.

Class “C” Office Buildings

Class “C” typically lack the size, quality or location to qualify as Class “A” or “B”

Non-Classified Buildings

There is a market for smaller office facilities in the 1,500 to 5,000 sq.ft. range. Where these buildings can function as office facilities, they are not office buildings. These buildings can never guarantee a good long term, hastle free, office environment for the office user.

Digital Photography Tips

- Shooting Indoor Sports
Key to shooting sports is speed
Must have quick shutter speed to freeze action
Set ISO to highest setting-400-800
Set rapid fire mode if you have it

- Best settings for low light/nighttime conditions
iso 800 works best in low light situations
however it could increase the background noise
Tripod or steady hand helps when shooting @ slower shutter spd

Subject Shutter Spd F-stop
Fireworks 1sec 2.8
Floodlit building .5sec 2.8
Subject lit by firelight .5sec 2.8
Street scene w normal illumination .5sec 2.8
Shop window 1/8sec 2.8
Brightly lit street scene (eg: xmas lights) 1/15sec 2.8
Neon sign/brightly lit theatre district 1/30sec 2.8

- What is hyperfocal distance
Distance setting that provides the best depth-of-field
Average distance between nearest foreground object and furthest
Best implemented when teh subject matter extends far into distance
And if no particular region requires more sharpness than other

- How to take photo of glass sign or framed picture
To reduce reflection of light from the glass
Key is to find a way to redirect the angle of flash
If lens and flash are shooting at same angle and direction you will get reflection
Polarizing filter on camera redirects light but at cost of muted colors

- How to understand Depth-of-Field
depth-of-field is difference between ordinary or stunning pics
Shallow d-o-f means only the subject your are focusing on is in sharp focus
INcreased dof means more of pic front and back of subject is sharp and clear
You can control dof with changes to aperture
Smaller the aperture the wider the dof causing more of pic into focus
Bigger the aperture setting the more shallow the dof

- Right settings and techniques for photographing birds & wildlife
Fast shutter speed is baseline for the camera
Preference for shutter speed is at 1/800th of a sec
If a subject is in shade with expected small movements slower speed of 1/200th can be used
Allows aperture to open up further for more light
If blur occurs increase the shutter speed
Primary focusing on birds or wildlife should be eyes
When you view images you are naturally drawn to the eyes
Unless its a bear with its mouth open
Best condition to photograph birds in flight is when there is lots of light
You can use the lowest iso available for least amount of noise

- How to take pictures into the sun and avoid lens flare
Lens flare is created when non-image forming light enters the lens and hits the camera's sensor
Good lens hood can eliminate flare caused by stray light for outside angle of view

- Taking good pictures in snow or on beach
Snow and sand are refleective surfaces
Reflectivity will fool camera's built-in light meter
Adjust exposure compensation to +1 or 2 so you're overexposing
the scene by one or two stops allowing more light to enter camera's lens